Organizational Structures and Systems - 1453 Words

Organizational Structures and Systems Jeffrey Ha MBA501 – Human Interfaces Instructor: Dr. Eli Sopow Submission date: October 2, 2010 Organizational Structures and Systems Introduction This paper will examine organizational structures, organizational systems and how organizational culture influences both structure and systems. Throughout this paper, there will an analogy to the human body to help further the understanding of the concepts of structure and systems in an organization. This analogy is based on the academic work of Goold and Campbell (Goold Campbell, 2002). The first part of this paper will review different organizational structures. The second part will look at various organizational systems and how they may be†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, one should think of culture, structure and systems as a â€Å"whole system† (Goold Campbell, 2002) instead of independent, individual elements. The conclusion must be that collectively, these three elements create the foundation of an organization. When an organization does not use a holistic approach towards their culture, structure and systems, the organization could crea te a poor working environment for its employees and poor results for their customers. An example of culture, structure and systems not working well together can be seen in General Motors (GM). GM prior to its bankruptcy was seen to be a â€Å"highly bureaucratic company in which brands, departments and regions operated like self-governing and competing states with a federation† (Smerd, J. 2009). Here is a first hand account of culture, structure and systems not being in harmony. In 1994, Ticketmaster (TM) United States became a major presence in the ticketing industry. As part of their growth strategy, they expanded through the re-acquisition of all licensees. One of the licensees was the Canadian Ticketmaster business. From 1995 to 1997, TM Canada was forced to transform organizationally to become similar to our American parent. The cultural breakdown occurred when transitioning from networked â€Å"(high on sociability; low on solidarity)† to mercenary  "(low on sociability; high on solidarity)† (Langton Robbins, 2007, p. #341-342). For example, the lack of accountabilityShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Systems And Structures Evaluation Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation The purpose of this paper is to consider two frameworks to analyze a system and structure of a familiar organization. The following essential elements of the system and structure will be assessed: 1. Mission, vision, values; 2. Strategic plan, goals, and objectives; 3. Key operational processes and patterns; 4. Information technology use; 5. Organizational priorities and investments, as indicated by financial data; 6. Organization’s culture; 7. InfluenceRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Criminal Justice System1735 Words   |  7 PagesSteve Jobs once said, â€Å"If you’re working on something exciting that you really care about. You don’t have to be pushed. The vision pulls you.† Criminal Justice Administration is all about the organizational structure of any corporation or organization in the criminal justice system. As a student at Campbell University it is required to hold an internship the summer before your senior year in the criminal justice program. Wunsch Law Firm has always allowed Campbell undergrads and law school studentsRead MoreOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Essay example1635 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Quality is something that every health care agency strives to achieve. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggests that health care organizations develop a culture of safety such that an organizations care processes and workforce are focused on improving the reliability and safety of care for patients (Groves, Meisenbach, Scott-Cawiezell, 2011). In order to address an issue related to health care quality, it is important to look at the frameworksRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Culture Of Carolina Healthcare System Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Behavior Final Project For this assignment, I had the pleasure reviewing the organizational structure and culture of Carolina HealthCare System (CHS) a medical organization. In my interview, I spoke with an employee that has been a part of CHS for over seven years preceding the completion of his military term. Coming from the United States Navy his views on organizational structure and culture was completely different from his experiences that he has had since being employedRead MoreCompany s Organizational Structure And Control Systems2325 Words   |  10 Pageswith several major divisions. This report focuses on the aluminum can division s organizational structure and control systems, which highlights its performance management and budgeting process. Since competitors employ similar technology, firms within the industry strive to satisfy cost and quality specifications, as well as standard for delivery and customer relations. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Planning System Strengths: Vershire Company’s forecasting process is detailed and precise in thatRead MoreThe Work Systems And Organizational Structure Of The Healthcare Employees Benefits1017 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment #7 This paper will examine the work systems and organizational structure of the Healthcare Employees Benefits (HEB) Manitoba. I will explain the current system in place and present how changes in work and technology may affect potential future changes to the work systems. As well, the potential benefits and obstacles to these changes will be explored. HEB Manitoba is the pension and benefit provider for 70,000 active and retired healthcare workers in Manitoba. It emerged from the consolidationRead MoreThe Organizational Systems and Structure Found in The Bee Movie and How it Relates to Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent state â€Å"Bees don’t think about what is impossible. That’s why we can fly when everyone says we shouldn’t be able to† (The Bee Movie, 2007). One of the things that confines creative thinking is the belief that a system or structure or current way of doing things creates boundaries that should not/ought not to be crossed. That is similar to a non-permeable border – nothing from one side crosses to the other side. This non-porous thinking affects ideas, values, change and behavior to anRead MoreFred Meyer Organizational Structure Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pages The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection MGT230 January 29, 2013 The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection Introduction According to Bateman and Snell, â€Å"Two fundamental concepts around which organizations are structured are differentiation and integration† (2011, pg. 227). Differentiation refers to the different units that work on different kinds of tasks with the use of different skills and work methods inRead MoreReshaping Organizational Culture Using the Burke-Litwin Model1110 Words   |  4 Pagesgender roles and other American cultural ideas on an organization in a foreign culture. This paper will describe their efforts using the lens of the Burke-Litwin model for organizational change. Burke-Litwin The Burke-Litwin Model seeks to explain the processes and influences by which organizational change occurs. The organizational change process is driven by twelve different factors. The factors are integrated, such that a change in one factor will have an effect on all of the other factors. TheRead MoreThe Stages Of The Organizational Life Cycle771 Words   |  4 Pagesstages of the organizational life structure are sequential and follows a natural progression. Theories relating to the organizational life cycle either include 4 or 5 stages. Churchill and Lewis (1983) propose an alternate theory of the organizational life cycle where there are 5 stages in the business/organizational life cycle and each stage is characterized by the owner’s involvement in the business, strategic goals, organizational structure, and the extent of the formal systems. Wikipedia defines

Military Aspects Of A Nuclear Armed Iran - 1459 Words

Military Aspects of a Nuclear Armed Iran The military dimensions of dealing with Iran would be forever changed if Iran were to achieve a nuclear weapons capability. The ability to deal with Iran has not significantly changed since the Tanker Wars in the 1980’s. Iran has slowly increased their technology but has failed to produce any legitimate indigenous naval or air assets that would pose a significant threat to United States Naval vessels or the United States’ superior air platforms. Iran achieving a nuclear weapons capability would not likely significantly impact the United States immediately, at least not in the continental United States, because of Iran’s lack of missile systems that a long range capability, but it would†¦show more content†¦The global economy would be significantly changed because of the power that Iran would currently hold over the Arabian Gulf. Once Iran achieves nuclear power it will likely start to flex it new power and attemp t to influence shipping and military presences in the Arabian Gulf. Since nearly 40% of the world’s oil is transported through the Arabian Gulf via the Strait of Hormuz, a significant increase in oil prices would be seen throughout the world. This problem could likely be exponentially increased if Iran was to increase its military presence on the islands inside the Arabian Gulf in an attempt to limit foreign military travel into the Arabian Gulf. Potential Courses of Action The most diplomatic approach to taking action on Iran and its nuclear programs would be to allow current sanctions to take their full affect and also the possibility of increasing sanctions to further hinder and potentially cripple the economy of Iran if needed. The United States has been implementing sanctions against Iran for many years, although recently, the US has significantly increased the sanctions in an effort to force Iran to reconsider their nuclear program. â€Å"European Union foreign ministers agreed on Jan. 23 to ban Iranian oil imports starting in July and to freeze the assets of Iran’s central bank. President Barack Obama Feb. 6 ordered a block on property and interests inShow MoreRelatedPolicy Engagement with Iran1715 Words   |  7 PagesEngagement with Iran This essay recommends a policy of engagement reinforced by the key tenets of liberal theory for dealing with Iran. It will also discuss a principal weakness of engagement as well as demonstrate how Nixon’s foreign policy doctrine serves as a useful historical precedent for a policy of engagement. Engagement seeks to heighten shared interests through building diplomatic communications to achieve desired outcomes. Over the past three decades, contacts between the United StatesRead MoreShould The U.s. Continue Its Role As A Global Police Force? Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesfound itself the dominant economic and military might in a devastated world. As the British Empire faded, into the vacuum a new empire arose and armed with a nuclear deterrent, the U.S began to exert its global influence. Initially, this influence confined itself to a peace keeping role with bases in Europe and Asia, but as its influence and power spread, like every other empire, it’s policing began to resemble its foreign policy and took on all the aspects of interference. This interference startedRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran s Foreign Policy1423 Words   |  6 PagesIran’s Foreign Policy: What Does Iran Want? Henry Kissinger and George Shultz warned that, â€Å"Iran’s representatives (including its Su-preme Leader) continue to profess a revolutionary anti-Western concept of international order† (Beinart) The above statement underscores how many in policy circles (primarily conservatives) believe that Iran is anti-western, which is nothing further from the truth. Case in point: the multi-lateral negotiations concerning Iran’s nuclear program led by the United StatesRead MoreNuclear Atomic Facilities And International Security3776 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION Since 2002, when the international community discovered the undeclared nuclear facilities and the magnitude of the Islamic Republic of Iran s nuclear programme, several international players and Western countries have focused their efforts on hindering its nuclear agenda. Although the Iranian government has always stressed its civilian objectives, the programme has been considered an important challenge to the non-proliferation regime and international security. Accordingly, thereRead MoreEssay about Iran Engagement Policy Option1643 Words   |  7 PagesThirty-four years ago, the Islamic Revolution changed not only the leadership of Iran but brought a complex and strained relationships with the United States. The focus of this paper is an analysis on an Iranian engagement policy option outlined in the CSIS Report â€Å"The Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge†. The international relations theory of liberalism is applied using the tenets of economic interdependence and democratic transparency. For three decades, exchanges betweenRead MoreIran Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology1914 Words   |  8 PagesIran possesses nuclear fuel cycle technology, a capability which could be used peaceful purposes or developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Iran has insisted that its uranium enrichment program is exclusively for peaceful purposes, but the lack of transparency and integrity of Iran’s nuclear program resulted in disputes between the international community and Iran. The UN Security Council has passed some resolutions and sanctions pressuring Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessingRead MoreBusiness Regulations : The And The Free Zones2105 Words   |  9 PagesRules for business in Free Zones are a lot better than the Main Land, but it is limited. The realtor and industrial companies cannot invest a lot in the Free Zones. The accounting standards of Iran banks are conventional banking, but in theory, the banks use provisional interest-based transactions. Overall Iran s banking system run on an Islamic interest-free basis and it has changed following the Islamic Revolution. Under Islamic Banking Law, interest rates paid to depositors or received from borrowersRead MoreThe Causes Of War And Political Conflicts926 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical violence that emerges between armed forces of a state and one or more non-state actors. ISIS is an up to date example of intrastate violence where it is within Syria but has significant international dimensions and holds the risk of spilling the violence over into bordering states. As a result, ISIS is now all over the place. He argues that states need to be honored and ranked among other states because every state wants to improve itself in every aspect and they are willing to do, possiblyRead MoreNuclear Weapons During The Cold War2117 Words   |  9 Pages Since the invention of nuclear weapons, they have presented the world with a significant danger, one that was shown in reality during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, nuclear weapons have not only served in combat, but they have also played a role in keeping the world peaceful by the concept of deterrence. The usage of nuclear weapons would lead to mutual destruction and during the Cold War, nuclear weapons were necessary to maintain international security, as a means of deterrenceRead MoreThe Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis has recently created multiple security issues which need to be properly addressed. As part of the NSC staff, I recommend a strategy in response to this Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis that is consistent with both US policy and the state of international affairs. This strategy will integrate the use of Instruments of Power (IOPs) as well as explain which international relations (IR) perspectives in fluenced my decision on choosing these specific IOPs. When building a

Active Listening Reading Material Free Essays

Poor Listening Habits Editing: You hear only what you want to hear. Rehearsing: You think about what you want to say while the other person is speaking. Delving: You focus on finding a hidden message, rather than existing to what the other person is saying. We will write a custom essay sample on Active Listening Reading Material or any similar topic only for you Order Now Daydreaming: You let your mind wander. Personalizing: You relate everything the person is saying to your own life and allow your thoughts to wander. Arguing: You focus on finding something to judge or ridicule. Agreeing: You nod your head to everything in order to avoid conflict. Switching: You change the subject quickly, as soon as the person stops speaking. Barriers to Listening Type of Barrier Explanation and Example Noise: Physical Distractions All the stimuli in the environment that keep you from focusing on the message. Example: loud music playing at a party. Mental Distractions The wandering of the mind when it is supposed to be focusing on something. Example: thinking about a lunch date while listening to a teacher. (Anybody can make out that you are not listening. Factual Distractions Focusing so intently on the details that you miss the main point. Example: listening to all details of a conversation but forgetting the main idea. Semantic Distractions Over responding to an emotion-laden word or concept. Example: not listening to a teacher when after she mentions â€Å"Marxist theory. † Perception of Others: Status Devoting attention based on the social standing rank, or perceived value of another. Example: not listening to a freshman in a grou p activity. Stereotypes Treating individuals as if they are the same as others in a given category. Example: assuming all older people have similar opinions. Sights and Sounds Letting appearances or voice qualities affect your listening. Example: not listening to a person with a screechy voice. Yourself: Egocentrics Excessive self-focus, or seeing yourself as the central concern in every conversation. Example: redirecting conversations to your own problems. Defensiveness Acting threatened and feeling like you must defend whatnot have said or done. Example: assuming others’ comments are veiled criticisms of you. Experiential Superiority Looking down on others as if their experience with life is not as good as yours. Example: not listening to those with less experience. Personal Bias Letting your own predispositions, or strongly held beliefs, interfere with your ability to interpret information correctly. Example: assuming that people are generally truthful (or deceitful). Pseudo listening Pretending to listen but letting your mind or attention wander to something else. Example: daydreaming while your professor is lecturing. (You appear to be listening). How to cite Active Listening Reading Material, Papers

Article Analysis on Positive Research Free-Samples -Myassingment

Question: Write a Report on the Positive Research's Credibility and Reliability towards Accounting Practices. Answer: Introduction This study aims to provide a brief information and comprehension on the positive researchs credibility and reliability towards accounting practices by positive research article analysis (Dunmore, 2009). The research provides proficient background in the positive accounting research to renovate it in a scientific enhanced and evident theory to signify the financial accounting. Moreover, the article is used to illustrate a concise critique on the positive accounting theory (Abedini and Bazrafshan, 2016). It presents all the flows and significance of positive research in the field of financial accounting system. The theory has been used by various firms from a long time, but its effectiveness and benefits are always considered as a matter of criticism. In the recent years, many researchers examined and investigated effectiveness pertaining to positive accounting theory in the accounting system. Some researchers were agreed with its advantages as a scientific and practical practice that entails social system in the accounting policies, whereas some were not in the favour of its use due to illogical hypothesis and descriptive nature of the theory (Isa, 2014). This study describes the critical assessment of positive research theory through the article named Half a Defence of Positive Theory. In this study, the article will be explored by summarising the research article, forming research question and presenting theoretical framework used in the article. Moreover, the limitations and significance of the article has also been abridged in this context. Summary of the Research Article The positive researches are focused on the human being and behavioural characteristic which influences accounting system of an organisation (Sennetti and Litt, 2013). Similarly, the positive accounting theory is the accounting practice based on the practical and scientific aspect to explain and predict the influence of natural science in the financial accounting. It is one of the most significant and widely used theories around the world in recent times. It has been the most critically examined theory lately by researchers and attracted more criticism than favour (Sennetti and Litt, 2013). The theory is based on the empirical accounting and considers social system as a part of theoretical framework in its theory. The article by Dunmore has elucidated the essential research in the field of financial accounting to provide comprehension and cogent findings regarding positive research significance (Slaheddine, 2014). The article shows the standard relationship between the social system or human behaviour and financial accounting. The article has also presented a brief testing of positive accounting theory facilitated by the poppers falsification criterion to testify its validity as a scientific approach. The author has also detailed about the wider scope of positive research in the accounting practices, but it requires more practical and quantitative approach to achieve a successful implementation of positive accounting theory. The article is basically clear critics of positive accounting theory by drawing a fair literature review on the topic and recommending the enhanced version of theoretical model to fill the backdrop. The examination of the article exposed many drawbacks of positive research theory such as the idea of natural science and theory base is single minded way of the creator of the theory (Slaheddine, 2014). The empirical evidences shown in the positive accounting theory are not strong enough to provide a valid and convincing conclusion. The methodology and theoretical framework of the positive research is not librated by the judgement of numerical value. The problems of financial accounting theory are not being covered by the empirical testing of positive research which makes the results uncertain and invalid (Fieldsa, Lysb and Vincent, 2001). The positive theory does not provide a universal result thus; its application also abides many weaknesses. In the view of article author behavioural economics and natural science cannot be predicted in a quantitative way. As a result, the article emphasised on the negative aspect of the positive accounting theory as a scientific objective in accounting practices. The article also explained the market assumptions as limitations of positive research in making effective market hypothesis as well as forming enough instructions in the theoretical model of the theory. In addition to this, despite being a well organised proven practical theory, it is biased with the natural science and only limited to its explanation (Fieldsa, Lysb and Vincent, 2001). The article also draws an attention on the part wh ere the theory has not effectively capable to nurture a ground for management on why to use it as accounting practice. Research Question The research question of this study is based on the articles main idea that is What are the limitations and advantages of positive accounting research in the mould of natural science in financial accounting theory? This study has also emphasised on three more question to encompass all the proclamation made by the article writer as follows: How much the theoretical framework of the positive accounting theory is effective in constructing a practical and affirmative approach in accounting standards? What are the major drawbacks of positive research affects the accounting practices? What are the suggestions regarding improvement in the theoretical framework to attain its scientific implications? Therefore, these research questions are aimed to explore every possible aspect of the article and positive accounting theory (Dunmore, 2009). In the process of establishment of these questions literature review of the article has been used precisely. Theoretical Framework The positive accounting theory is emphasised on incorporation of social system in the accounting standards and practices, while according to the critics natural science does not hold enough numerical values and scientific tools to find its universal validity. The overall pattern followed in the article is very efficient in making the ending convincing according to the authors belief and facts. The article has built a comprehension in procurement of the credible conclusion with support of literature review and critics of other researchers (Kabir, 2008). Simultaneously, the article has also provided the improved version of theoretical framework to make it scientific incorporated with quantitative data. The author made some salient point as a scientific research project which entails that the world, human behaviour and social system are independent and can be variably influenced with anything, thus exercising it to another independent practice that is financial accounting is purely a mistake. Furthermore, the empirical hypothesis is also matter of contradiction in the mentioned findings. Thus, to examine the efficient market hypothesis a conceptual framework based on the practical approach and numerical data is very necessary (Kabir, 2008). Poppers criterion for falsification and hypothesis testing is a very successful way to investigate and suggest recommendation for a theory and its acceptance in accounting practices. It facilitates development of the creative concept, then formation of theory and collection of sufficient proofs to make it a valid practice in accounting. The data can be assembled in the numerical as well as descriptive form. After that, find the different results in the prediction between old and new theories situations. Now, try the new theory prediction by testing it with new facts, compare both and justify the approved one (Schiehl, et al. 2007). This theory is to improve the previous empirical hypothesis and advancing it with new one. The steps will be repeated by every new and old theory until we get expedient and suitable answer. However, the author has directed the article to prove a relationship between positive research and qualitative data in the normal science only (Gaffikin, 2007). The article has presented the logics and drawbacks of statistical hypothesis testing along with the effectiveness of hypothesis testing in positive research programme. In order to provide some cogent suggestion the author has used vulnerable model as a successful theoretical framework for positive accounting theory which have also been tested severely (Gaffikin, 2007). The author has also provided analytical modelling with distinctive specialities which can advance its experimental practices in theoretical framework. It has also explained that measurement of the theory is important than investigating its accuracy. Lastly replication of original theory is very necessary according to the time and current trends. Benefits and Drawbacks of the Article The article has made constructive platform for the future researches on the positive research (West, 2003). It has made vital points for the critical examination of the positive accounting theory and recommended the apt theoretical framework and guidelines to improve research in the future as scientific model. The author has kept decision makers and investors point of view in mind to make the research analysis useful as accounting standard and policy. The valid arguments are being made by using academic journals and authors reviews. The supportive substantiation has made it more reliable and credible for the user to involve in the theory analysis and conclude the point with the same aspects (West, 2003). The structure and presentation of the theoretical framework is well structured and systematic with logical facts to prove it legitimate. The critical reviews of each article on the positive accounting theory made the research more beneficial and significant. There are various limitations in the article to finish an imperative and sound research finding (Unegbu, 2014). The author was biased with its personal attitude and behaviour towards normative theory throughout the research article, hence the analysis and discussion of the topic is directed by the limited facts only. The author has made only a few points in the authenticity of the positive research. The article has presented only negative side of the positive article rather than critical overview of the theory. In addition to this, the author also lacks in providing testified qualitative and numerical values to the theoretical framework of positive accounting theory (Unegbu, 2014). The collection of literature review is presented with the qualitative data as a secondary source which has also limited the facts approved by primary sources and its soundness. Conclusion The article has provided persuasive information about the positive accounting theory and the pointed facts are very much related with the current environment of accounting practices. The article has aimed to make the negative conclusion on the positive research as a scientific base due to no improvement in the theory after its formation. Moreover, the theory failed to illustrate reliance on the practical and quantitative facts that brings better evidence and conclusion to its outcomes. The article was made with full verification and support of different authors review from the literatures and presented a strong critic on positive research. Although the author added some points in the favour of positive theory yet failed to assemble more evidences to validate its lucrativeness. The author has facilitated some suggestions by modifying the theoretical framework of theory and making it quantitative and scientific to overcome the fall backs of positive research. Therefore, the author of t he article is proficient in articulating the facts and its thoughts in a very effective and efficient way. Thus, in this context, the article holds the true findings about limitation of the positive accounting theory. References Abedini, B., and Bazrafshan, M. 2016. Accounting Choices Determinants Underlying The Positive Accounting Theory. Journal of Management Sciences 2(8), pp. 448-452. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Fieldsa, T. D., Lysb, T. Z., and Vincent, L. 2001. Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31, pp. 255307. Gaffikin, M. 2007. Accounting Research and Theory: the age of neo-empiricism. The Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal 1(1), pp. 1-19. Isa, M. A. 2014. Determinants of accounting choice of noncurrent assets at IFRS first adoption among Nigerian firms. Social and Behavioral Sciences 164, pp. 378 383. Kabir, M. H. 2008. Positive Accounting Theory and Science. Positive Accounting Theory and Science, pp. 134-148. Schiehl, E. et al. 2007. Financial accounting: an epistemological research note. Revista Contabilidade Finanas 18(45). Sennetti, J., and Litt, B. 2013. Persuasion as a Prelude to Proof: Theory Acceptance in Accounting Research. Advances in Business Research 4(1), pp. 54-67. Slaheddine, Y. 2014. The Relationship between Accounting Theories, Financialization Process and Neoliberalism. International Journal of Economics and Management 3, pp. 166. Unegbu, A. O. 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income Determination and Diversities in Use. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5(19), pp. 1-15. West, B. P. 2003. Professionalism and Accounting Rules. Routledge.