Organizational Structures and Systems - 1453 Words

Organizational Structures and Systems Jeffrey Ha MBA501 – Human Interfaces Instructor: Dr. Eli Sopow Submission date: October 2, 2010 Organizational Structures and Systems Introduction This paper will examine organizational structures, organizational systems and how organizational culture influences both structure and systems. Throughout this paper, there will an analogy to the human body to help further the understanding of the concepts of structure and systems in an organization. This analogy is based on the academic work of Goold and Campbell (Goold Campbell, 2002). The first part of this paper will review different organizational structures. The second part will look at various organizational systems and how they may be†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, one should think of culture, structure and systems as a â€Å"whole system† (Goold Campbell, 2002) instead of independent, individual elements. The conclusion must be that collectively, these three elements create the foundation of an organization. When an organization does not use a holistic approach towards their culture, structure and systems, the organization could crea te a poor working environment for its employees and poor results for their customers. An example of culture, structure and systems not working well together can be seen in General Motors (GM). GM prior to its bankruptcy was seen to be a â€Å"highly bureaucratic company in which brands, departments and regions operated like self-governing and competing states with a federation† (Smerd, J. 2009). Here is a first hand account of culture, structure and systems not being in harmony. In 1994, Ticketmaster (TM) United States became a major presence in the ticketing industry. As part of their growth strategy, they expanded through the re-acquisition of all licensees. One of the licensees was the Canadian Ticketmaster business. From 1995 to 1997, TM Canada was forced to transform organizationally to become similar to our American parent. The cultural breakdown occurred when transitioning from networked â€Å"(high on sociability; low on solidarity)† to mercenary  "(low on sociability; high on solidarity)† (Langton Robbins, 2007, p. #341-342). For example, the lack of accountabilityShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Systems And Structures Evaluation Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation The purpose of this paper is to consider two frameworks to analyze a system and structure of a familiar organization. The following essential elements of the system and structure will be assessed: 1. Mission, vision, values; 2. Strategic plan, goals, and objectives; 3. Key operational processes and patterns; 4. Information technology use; 5. Organizational priorities and investments, as indicated by financial data; 6. Organization’s culture; 7. InfluenceRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Criminal Justice System1735 Words   |  7 PagesSteve Jobs once said, â€Å"If you’re working on something exciting that you really care about. You don’t have to be pushed. The vision pulls you.† Criminal Justice Administration is all about the organizational structure of any corporation or organization in the criminal justice system. As a student at Campbell University it is required to hold an internship the summer before your senior year in the criminal justice program. Wunsch Law Firm has always allowed Campbell undergrads and law school studentsRead MoreOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Essay example1635 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Quality is something that every health care agency strives to achieve. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggests that health care organizations develop a culture of safety such that an organizations care processes and workforce are focused on improving the reliability and safety of care for patients (Groves, Meisenbach, Scott-Cawiezell, 2011). In order to address an issue related to health care quality, it is important to look at the frameworksRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Culture Of Carolina Healthcare System Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Behavior Final Project For this assignment, I had the pleasure reviewing the organizational structure and culture of Carolina HealthCare System (CHS) a medical organization. In my interview, I spoke with an employee that has been a part of CHS for over seven years preceding the completion of his military term. Coming from the United States Navy his views on organizational structure and culture was completely different from his experiences that he has had since being employedRead MoreCompany s Organizational Structure And Control Systems2325 Words   |  10 Pageswith several major divisions. This report focuses on the aluminum can division s organizational structure and control systems, which highlights its performance management and budgeting process. Since competitors employ similar technology, firms within the industry strive to satisfy cost and quality specifications, as well as standard for delivery and customer relations. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Planning System Strengths: Vershire Company’s forecasting process is detailed and precise in thatRead MoreThe Work Systems And Organizational Structure Of The Healthcare Employees Benefits1017 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment #7 This paper will examine the work systems and organizational structure of the Healthcare Employees Benefits (HEB) Manitoba. I will explain the current system in place and present how changes in work and technology may affect potential future changes to the work systems. As well, the potential benefits and obstacles to these changes will be explored. HEB Manitoba is the pension and benefit provider for 70,000 active and retired healthcare workers in Manitoba. It emerged from the consolidationRead MoreThe Organizational Systems and Structure Found in The Bee Movie and How it Relates to Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent state â€Å"Bees don’t think about what is impossible. That’s why we can fly when everyone says we shouldn’t be able to† (The Bee Movie, 2007). One of the things that confines creative thinking is the belief that a system or structure or current way of doing things creates boundaries that should not/ought not to be crossed. That is similar to a non-permeable border – nothing from one side crosses to the other side. This non-porous thinking affects ideas, values, change and behavior to anRead MoreFred Meyer Organizational Structure Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pages The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection MGT230 January 29, 2013 The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection Introduction According to Bateman and Snell, â€Å"Two fundamental concepts around which organizations are structured are differentiation and integration† (2011, pg. 227). Differentiation refers to the different units that work on different kinds of tasks with the use of different skills and work methods inRead MoreReshaping Organizational Culture Using the Burke-Litwin Model1110 Words   |  4 Pagesgender roles and other American cultural ideas on an organization in a foreign culture. This paper will describe their efforts using the lens of the Burke-Litwin model for organizational change. Burke-Litwin The Burke-Litwin Model seeks to explain the processes and influences by which organizational change occurs. The organizational change process is driven by twelve different factors. The factors are integrated, such that a change in one factor will have an effect on all of the other factors. TheRead MoreThe Stages Of The Organizational Life Cycle771 Words   |  4 Pagesstages of the organizational life structure are sequential and follows a natural progression. Theories relating to the organizational life cycle either include 4 or 5 stages. Churchill and Lewis (1983) propose an alternate theory of the organizational life cycle where there are 5 stages in the business/organizational life cycle and each stage is characterized by the owner’s involvement in the business, strategic goals, organizational structure, and the extent of the formal systems. Wikipedia defines

Military Aspects Of A Nuclear Armed Iran - 1459 Words

Military Aspects of a Nuclear Armed Iran The military dimensions of dealing with Iran would be forever changed if Iran were to achieve a nuclear weapons capability. The ability to deal with Iran has not significantly changed since the Tanker Wars in the 1980’s. Iran has slowly increased their technology but has failed to produce any legitimate indigenous naval or air assets that would pose a significant threat to United States Naval vessels or the United States’ superior air platforms. Iran achieving a nuclear weapons capability would not likely significantly impact the United States immediately, at least not in the continental United States, because of Iran’s lack of missile systems that a long range capability, but it would†¦show more content†¦The global economy would be significantly changed because of the power that Iran would currently hold over the Arabian Gulf. Once Iran achieves nuclear power it will likely start to flex it new power and attemp t to influence shipping and military presences in the Arabian Gulf. Since nearly 40% of the world’s oil is transported through the Arabian Gulf via the Strait of Hormuz, a significant increase in oil prices would be seen throughout the world. This problem could likely be exponentially increased if Iran was to increase its military presence on the islands inside the Arabian Gulf in an attempt to limit foreign military travel into the Arabian Gulf. Potential Courses of Action The most diplomatic approach to taking action on Iran and its nuclear programs would be to allow current sanctions to take their full affect and also the possibility of increasing sanctions to further hinder and potentially cripple the economy of Iran if needed. The United States has been implementing sanctions against Iran for many years, although recently, the US has significantly increased the sanctions in an effort to force Iran to reconsider their nuclear program. â€Å"European Union foreign ministers agreed on Jan. 23 to ban Iranian oil imports starting in July and to freeze the assets of Iran’s central bank. President Barack Obama Feb. 6 ordered a block on property and interests inShow MoreRelatedPolicy Engagement with Iran1715 Words   |  7 PagesEngagement with Iran This essay recommends a policy of engagement reinforced by the key tenets of liberal theory for dealing with Iran. It will also discuss a principal weakness of engagement as well as demonstrate how Nixon’s foreign policy doctrine serves as a useful historical precedent for a policy of engagement. Engagement seeks to heighten shared interests through building diplomatic communications to achieve desired outcomes. Over the past three decades, contacts between the United StatesRead MoreShould The U.s. Continue Its Role As A Global Police Force? Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesfound itself the dominant economic and military might in a devastated world. As the British Empire faded, into the vacuum a new empire arose and armed with a nuclear deterrent, the U.S began to exert its global influence. Initially, this influence confined itself to a peace keeping role with bases in Europe and Asia, but as its influence and power spread, like every other empire, it’s policing began to resemble its foreign policy and took on all the aspects of interference. This interference startedRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran s Foreign Policy1423 Words   |  6 PagesIran’s Foreign Policy: What Does Iran Want? Henry Kissinger and George Shultz warned that, â€Å"Iran’s representatives (including its Su-preme Leader) continue to profess a revolutionary anti-Western concept of international order† (Beinart) The above statement underscores how many in policy circles (primarily conservatives) believe that Iran is anti-western, which is nothing further from the truth. Case in point: the multi-lateral negotiations concerning Iran’s nuclear program led by the United StatesRead MoreNuclear Atomic Facilities And International Security3776 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION Since 2002, when the international community discovered the undeclared nuclear facilities and the magnitude of the Islamic Republic of Iran s nuclear programme, several international players and Western countries have focused their efforts on hindering its nuclear agenda. Although the Iranian government has always stressed its civilian objectives, the programme has been considered an important challenge to the non-proliferation regime and international security. Accordingly, thereRead MoreEssay about Iran Engagement Policy Option1643 Words   |  7 PagesThirty-four years ago, the Islamic Revolution changed not only the leadership of Iran but brought a complex and strained relationships with the United States. The focus of this paper is an analysis on an Iranian engagement policy option outlined in the CSIS Report â€Å"The Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge†. The international relations theory of liberalism is applied using the tenets of economic interdependence and democratic transparency. For three decades, exchanges betweenRead MoreIran Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology1914 Words   |  8 PagesIran possesses nuclear fuel cycle technology, a capability which could be used peaceful purposes or developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Iran has insisted that its uranium enrichment program is exclusively for peaceful purposes, but the lack of transparency and integrity of Iran’s nuclear program resulted in disputes between the international community and Iran. The UN Security Council has passed some resolutions and sanctions pressuring Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessingRead MoreBusiness Regulations : The And The Free Zones2105 Words   |  9 PagesRules for business in Free Zones are a lot better than the Main Land, but it is limited. The realtor and industrial companies cannot invest a lot in the Free Zones. The accounting standards of Iran banks are conventional banking, but in theory, the banks use provisional interest-based transactions. Overall Iran s banking system run on an Islamic interest-free basis and it has changed following the Islamic Revolution. Under Islamic Banking Law, interest rates paid to depositors or received from borrowersRead MoreThe Causes Of War And Political Conflicts926 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical violence that emerges between armed forces of a state and one or more non-state actors. ISIS is an up to date example of intrastate violence where it is within Syria but has significant international dimensions and holds the risk of spilling the violence over into bordering states. As a result, ISIS is now all over the place. He argues that states need to be honored and ranked among other states because every state wants to improve itself in every aspect and they are willing to do, possiblyRead MoreNuclear Weapons During The Cold War2117 Words   |  9 Pages Since the invention of nuclear weapons, they have presented the world with a significant danger, one that was shown in reality during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, nuclear weapons have not only served in combat, but they have also played a role in keeping the world peaceful by the concept of deterrence. The usage of nuclear weapons would lead to mutual destruction and during the Cold War, nuclear weapons were necessary to maintain international security, as a means of deterrenceRead MoreThe Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis has recently created multiple security issues which need to be properly addressed. As part of the NSC staff, I recommend a strategy in response to this Iranian Nuclear Test Crisis that is consistent with both US policy and the state of international affairs. This strategy will integrate the use of Instruments of Power (IOPs) as well as explain which international relations (IR) perspectives in fluenced my decision on choosing these specific IOPs. When building a

Active Listening Reading Material Free Essays

Poor Listening Habits Editing: You hear only what you want to hear. Rehearsing: You think about what you want to say while the other person is speaking. Delving: You focus on finding a hidden message, rather than existing to what the other person is saying. We will write a custom essay sample on Active Listening Reading Material or any similar topic only for you Order Now Daydreaming: You let your mind wander. Personalizing: You relate everything the person is saying to your own life and allow your thoughts to wander. Arguing: You focus on finding something to judge or ridicule. Agreeing: You nod your head to everything in order to avoid conflict. Switching: You change the subject quickly, as soon as the person stops speaking. Barriers to Listening Type of Barrier Explanation and Example Noise: Physical Distractions All the stimuli in the environment that keep you from focusing on the message. Example: loud music playing at a party. Mental Distractions The wandering of the mind when it is supposed to be focusing on something. Example: thinking about a lunch date while listening to a teacher. (Anybody can make out that you are not listening. Factual Distractions Focusing so intently on the details that you miss the main point. Example: listening to all details of a conversation but forgetting the main idea. Semantic Distractions Over responding to an emotion-laden word or concept. Example: not listening to a teacher when after she mentions â€Å"Marxist theory. † Perception of Others: Status Devoting attention based on the social standing rank, or perceived value of another. Example: not listening to a freshman in a grou p activity. Stereotypes Treating individuals as if they are the same as others in a given category. Example: assuming all older people have similar opinions. Sights and Sounds Letting appearances or voice qualities affect your listening. Example: not listening to a person with a screechy voice. Yourself: Egocentrics Excessive self-focus, or seeing yourself as the central concern in every conversation. Example: redirecting conversations to your own problems. Defensiveness Acting threatened and feeling like you must defend whatnot have said or done. Example: assuming others’ comments are veiled criticisms of you. Experiential Superiority Looking down on others as if their experience with life is not as good as yours. Example: not listening to those with less experience. Personal Bias Letting your own predispositions, or strongly held beliefs, interfere with your ability to interpret information correctly. Example: assuming that people are generally truthful (or deceitful). Pseudo listening Pretending to listen but letting your mind or attention wander to something else. Example: daydreaming while your professor is lecturing. (You appear to be listening). How to cite Active Listening Reading Material, Papers

Article Analysis on Positive Research Free-Samples -Myassingment

Question: Write a Report on the Positive Research's Credibility and Reliability towards Accounting Practices. Answer: Introduction This study aims to provide a brief information and comprehension on the positive researchs credibility and reliability towards accounting practices by positive research article analysis (Dunmore, 2009). The research provides proficient background in the positive accounting research to renovate it in a scientific enhanced and evident theory to signify the financial accounting. Moreover, the article is used to illustrate a concise critique on the positive accounting theory (Abedini and Bazrafshan, 2016). It presents all the flows and significance of positive research in the field of financial accounting system. The theory has been used by various firms from a long time, but its effectiveness and benefits are always considered as a matter of criticism. In the recent years, many researchers examined and investigated effectiveness pertaining to positive accounting theory in the accounting system. Some researchers were agreed with its advantages as a scientific and practical practice that entails social system in the accounting policies, whereas some were not in the favour of its use due to illogical hypothesis and descriptive nature of the theory (Isa, 2014). This study describes the critical assessment of positive research theory through the article named Half a Defence of Positive Theory. In this study, the article will be explored by summarising the research article, forming research question and presenting theoretical framework used in the article. Moreover, the limitations and significance of the article has also been abridged in this context. Summary of the Research Article The positive researches are focused on the human being and behavioural characteristic which influences accounting system of an organisation (Sennetti and Litt, 2013). Similarly, the positive accounting theory is the accounting practice based on the practical and scientific aspect to explain and predict the influence of natural science in the financial accounting. It is one of the most significant and widely used theories around the world in recent times. It has been the most critically examined theory lately by researchers and attracted more criticism than favour (Sennetti and Litt, 2013). The theory is based on the empirical accounting and considers social system as a part of theoretical framework in its theory. The article by Dunmore has elucidated the essential research in the field of financial accounting to provide comprehension and cogent findings regarding positive research significance (Slaheddine, 2014). The article shows the standard relationship between the social system or human behaviour and financial accounting. The article has also presented a brief testing of positive accounting theory facilitated by the poppers falsification criterion to testify its validity as a scientific approach. The author has also detailed about the wider scope of positive research in the accounting practices, but it requires more practical and quantitative approach to achieve a successful implementation of positive accounting theory. The article is basically clear critics of positive accounting theory by drawing a fair literature review on the topic and recommending the enhanced version of theoretical model to fill the backdrop. The examination of the article exposed many drawbacks of positive research theory such as the idea of natural science and theory base is single minded way of the creator of the theory (Slaheddine, 2014). The empirical evidences shown in the positive accounting theory are not strong enough to provide a valid and convincing conclusion. The methodology and theoretical framework of the positive research is not librated by the judgement of numerical value. The problems of financial accounting theory are not being covered by the empirical testing of positive research which makes the results uncertain and invalid (Fieldsa, Lysb and Vincent, 2001). The positive theory does not provide a universal result thus; its application also abides many weaknesses. In the view of article author behavioural economics and natural science cannot be predicted in a quantitative way. As a result, the article emphasised on the negative aspect of the positive accounting theory as a scientific objective in accounting practices. The article also explained the market assumptions as limitations of positive research in making effective market hypothesis as well as forming enough instructions in the theoretical model of the theory. In addition to this, despite being a well organised proven practical theory, it is biased with the natural science and only limited to its explanation (Fieldsa, Lysb and Vincent, 2001). The article also draws an attention on the part wh ere the theory has not effectively capable to nurture a ground for management on why to use it as accounting practice. Research Question The research question of this study is based on the articles main idea that is What are the limitations and advantages of positive accounting research in the mould of natural science in financial accounting theory? This study has also emphasised on three more question to encompass all the proclamation made by the article writer as follows: How much the theoretical framework of the positive accounting theory is effective in constructing a practical and affirmative approach in accounting standards? What are the major drawbacks of positive research affects the accounting practices? What are the suggestions regarding improvement in the theoretical framework to attain its scientific implications? Therefore, these research questions are aimed to explore every possible aspect of the article and positive accounting theory (Dunmore, 2009). In the process of establishment of these questions literature review of the article has been used precisely. Theoretical Framework The positive accounting theory is emphasised on incorporation of social system in the accounting standards and practices, while according to the critics natural science does not hold enough numerical values and scientific tools to find its universal validity. The overall pattern followed in the article is very efficient in making the ending convincing according to the authors belief and facts. The article has built a comprehension in procurement of the credible conclusion with support of literature review and critics of other researchers (Kabir, 2008). Simultaneously, the article has also provided the improved version of theoretical framework to make it scientific incorporated with quantitative data. The author made some salient point as a scientific research project which entails that the world, human behaviour and social system are independent and can be variably influenced with anything, thus exercising it to another independent practice that is financial accounting is purely a mistake. Furthermore, the empirical hypothesis is also matter of contradiction in the mentioned findings. Thus, to examine the efficient market hypothesis a conceptual framework based on the practical approach and numerical data is very necessary (Kabir, 2008). Poppers criterion for falsification and hypothesis testing is a very successful way to investigate and suggest recommendation for a theory and its acceptance in accounting practices. It facilitates development of the creative concept, then formation of theory and collection of sufficient proofs to make it a valid practice in accounting. The data can be assembled in the numerical as well as descriptive form. After that, find the different results in the prediction between old and new theories situations. Now, try the new theory prediction by testing it with new facts, compare both and justify the approved one (Schiehl, et al. 2007). This theory is to improve the previous empirical hypothesis and advancing it with new one. The steps will be repeated by every new and old theory until we get expedient and suitable answer. However, the author has directed the article to prove a relationship between positive research and qualitative data in the normal science only (Gaffikin, 2007). The article has presented the logics and drawbacks of statistical hypothesis testing along with the effectiveness of hypothesis testing in positive research programme. In order to provide some cogent suggestion the author has used vulnerable model as a successful theoretical framework for positive accounting theory which have also been tested severely (Gaffikin, 2007). The author has also provided analytical modelling with distinctive specialities which can advance its experimental practices in theoretical framework. It has also explained that measurement of the theory is important than investigating its accuracy. Lastly replication of original theory is very necessary according to the time and current trends. Benefits and Drawbacks of the Article The article has made constructive platform for the future researches on the positive research (West, 2003). It has made vital points for the critical examination of the positive accounting theory and recommended the apt theoretical framework and guidelines to improve research in the future as scientific model. The author has kept decision makers and investors point of view in mind to make the research analysis useful as accounting standard and policy. The valid arguments are being made by using academic journals and authors reviews. The supportive substantiation has made it more reliable and credible for the user to involve in the theory analysis and conclude the point with the same aspects (West, 2003). The structure and presentation of the theoretical framework is well structured and systematic with logical facts to prove it legitimate. The critical reviews of each article on the positive accounting theory made the research more beneficial and significant. There are various limitations in the article to finish an imperative and sound research finding (Unegbu, 2014). The author was biased with its personal attitude and behaviour towards normative theory throughout the research article, hence the analysis and discussion of the topic is directed by the limited facts only. The author has made only a few points in the authenticity of the positive research. The article has presented only negative side of the positive article rather than critical overview of the theory. In addition to this, the author also lacks in providing testified qualitative and numerical values to the theoretical framework of positive accounting theory (Unegbu, 2014). The collection of literature review is presented with the qualitative data as a secondary source which has also limited the facts approved by primary sources and its soundness. Conclusion The article has provided persuasive information about the positive accounting theory and the pointed facts are very much related with the current environment of accounting practices. The article has aimed to make the negative conclusion on the positive research as a scientific base due to no improvement in the theory after its formation. Moreover, the theory failed to illustrate reliance on the practical and quantitative facts that brings better evidence and conclusion to its outcomes. The article was made with full verification and support of different authors review from the literatures and presented a strong critic on positive research. Although the author added some points in the favour of positive theory yet failed to assemble more evidences to validate its lucrativeness. The author has facilitated some suggestions by modifying the theoretical framework of theory and making it quantitative and scientific to overcome the fall backs of positive research. Therefore, the author of t he article is proficient in articulating the facts and its thoughts in a very effective and efficient way. Thus, in this context, the article holds the true findings about limitation of the positive accounting theory. References Abedini, B., and Bazrafshan, M. 2016. Accounting Choices Determinants Underlying The Positive Accounting Theory. Journal of Management Sciences 2(8), pp. 448-452. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Fieldsa, T. D., Lysb, T. Z., and Vincent, L. 2001. Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31, pp. 255307. Gaffikin, M. 2007. Accounting Research and Theory: the age of neo-empiricism. The Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal 1(1), pp. 1-19. Isa, M. A. 2014. Determinants of accounting choice of noncurrent assets at IFRS first adoption among Nigerian firms. Social and Behavioral Sciences 164, pp. 378 383. Kabir, M. H. 2008. Positive Accounting Theory and Science. Positive Accounting Theory and Science, pp. 134-148. Schiehl, E. et al. 2007. Financial accounting: an epistemological research note. Revista Contabilidade Finanas 18(45). Sennetti, J., and Litt, B. 2013. Persuasion as a Prelude to Proof: Theory Acceptance in Accounting Research. Advances in Business Research 4(1), pp. 54-67. Slaheddine, Y. 2014. The Relationship between Accounting Theories, Financialization Process and Neoliberalism. International Journal of Economics and Management 3, pp. 166. Unegbu, A. O. 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income Determination and Diversities in Use. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5(19), pp. 1-15. West, B. P. 2003. Professionalism and Accounting Rules. Routledge.

Acid Mine essays

Acid Mine essays For hundreds, even thousands of years, human beings have mined for metals and stones, and with the advent of greater technology as well as greater needs, the demands for these resources continue to grow. While these resources benefit our lives in many ways, the effects of mining can be detrimental, and one such effect is the topic of this essay, acid mine drainage (A.M.D.). The causes of A.M.D. will be discussed, along with some of the physical and biological problems associated with it. Some prevention and remediation treatments will also be considered. Acid mine drainage refers to water (leachate, drainage or seepage) that has come into contact with oxidised rocks or overburden that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, lead). (Keller, 2000; U.S.G.S.; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). A common sulphide is pyrite, or iron disulfide (FeS2), and throughout this essay it will be pyrite that will be the primary sulphide considered. Acid mine drainage is not a new phenomenon, early mining techniques utilized gravity to avoid water pooling, resulting in the water becoming polluted by acid, iron, sulphur and aluminium (U.S.E.P.A., 2002). It is most commonly associated with coal mining, especially with soft coal, coal that has high sulphur content. The pyrite that is present in coal seams will be accessible after surface mining when the overlying surfaces are removed or in deep mines that allow oxygen access to the previously inaccessible pyrite-containing coal (D.E.P. 1, 1997). After pyrite is exposed to air and water, sulphuric acid and iron hydroxide are formed, creating an acidic runoff (D.E.P. 1, 1997; 2 2002). When the water comes into contact with the pyrite, the chemical reactions that take place causes the water to increase in pH which will dissolve heavy metals which stay in solution. However, when the pH levels reach a certain stage, the iron can then precipitate out, coating sediments with the characteristic yellow, red or orange...

Free Essays on Air Triaffic Control Stress

Abstract Many Air Traffic Controllers have stress related problems dealing with work. Some may be due to long hours, organizational structures, or operational aspects. This paper will show if stress levels will lessen with the upgrades of facilities therefore creating a safer flying environment. Going from unreliable analog radar system to a dependable digital radar system, my prediction is that upgrading to a more advance facilities with reliable radar systems will lessen stress levels. Stress is considered normal amongst the controllers that my research will be conducted on, but a better environment has been put into place to change this. My experiment will be conducted in Moody AFB Rapcon, which has recently upgraded facilities. Using prior conducted experiments and surveys along with comments, this paper will explain my findings and analysis of my experiment. Facilities Before 2003 Moody AFB radar approach control has been controlling traffic analog radar systems. While controlling in these conditions air traffic controllers have managed to keep aircraft separated and operations going for longer than the equipment was expected to be in use. Management inquired on new digital radar systems (STARS) that would reduce the likeliness of radar outages and separation errors. These new digital systems produced my Raytheon was to come with three radar feeds that would prevent the instance of radar outages, collision alerts to prevent mid-air collision, estimated time arrival system programmed within the scope, and many other features that prevent human error and likeliness of aircraft accidents. Older facilities’ still using analog feeds only have primary targets with data tags and handoff capabilities to other facilities making the controllers duties more tedious and involves a lot more awareness of pilot and human error causing safety hazards. Along with this outdated system its facility is also old and run down. ... Free Essays on Air Triaffic Control Stress Free Essays on Air Triaffic Control Stress Abstract Many Air Traffic Controllers have stress related problems dealing with work. Some may be due to long hours, organizational structures, or operational aspects. This paper will show if stress levels will lessen with the upgrades of facilities therefore creating a safer flying environment. Going from unreliable analog radar system to a dependable digital radar system, my prediction is that upgrading to a more advance facilities with reliable radar systems will lessen stress levels. Stress is considered normal amongst the controllers that my research will be conducted on, but a better environment has been put into place to change this. My experiment will be conducted in Moody AFB Rapcon, which has recently upgraded facilities. Using prior conducted experiments and surveys along with comments, this paper will explain my findings and analysis of my experiment. Facilities Before 2003 Moody AFB radar approach control has been controlling traffic analog radar systems. While controlling in these conditions air traffic controllers have managed to keep aircraft separated and operations going for longer than the equipment was expected to be in use. Management inquired on new digital radar systems (STARS) that would reduce the likeliness of radar outages and separation errors. These new digital systems produced my Raytheon was to come with three radar feeds that would prevent the instance of radar outages, collision alerts to prevent mid-air collision, estimated time arrival system programmed within the scope, and many other features that prevent human error and likeliness of aircraft accidents. Older facilities’ still using analog feeds only have primary targets with data tags and handoff capabilities to other facilities making the controllers duties more tedious and involves a lot more awareness of pilot and human error causing safety hazards. Along with this outdated system its facility is also old and run down. ...

Access to Treatment and Quality Care Research Paper

Access to Treatment and Quality Care - Research Paper Example The paper concludes that the problems that individuals are facing on accessing mental health services are persistent problems that have to do with different forms of unstable payment systems. Unlike other illnesses, mental disorders face massive inconsistency and subjective limitation in insurance coverage. The quality of the care that is provided will vary between the insurance providers and knowing the differences and the similarities and the rap preview to the impact in both sectors will help us to determine the strengths and weaknesses. Once we determine the attenuating circumstances in one of these mental health treatment sectors, it will ease the road for professionals to work on it and find a way to bridging the gap. The non-profit public mental health care refers to services operated by government agencies; for example, state and county mental hospitals, and services that financed with various government resources such as Medicaid. The Community Mental Health Services Block Grant a Federal-state program that finance health care services for individuals, who are poor and disabled, and federal health insurance program primarily for older Americans and people who retire early due to disability (Heyman 2001). Mental healthcare coverage is a very controversial topic especially in the United States. Many attempts have been made beginning in the twentieth century to provide a universal healthcare coverage to all those Americans who were not insured but most of them ended up in failure due to the influence of some groups, like doctors, who saw it as a way of curtailing their freedom to practice in the service of their patients. Wynia (2007), states that many of the early efforts to provide discounted healthcare were pressured out of existence by physician groups but the rising cost of healthcare has made it a mandatory issue to be

Strategic Audits of Delta Airlines Research Paper

Strategic Audits of Delta Airlines - Research Paper Example Delta exists to include people of different diversities, religions, races, education, sexual orientation, gender identification, family status, geographical regions, citizenship, and styles of communication, socioeconomic background, skills, knowledge and much more. It is a great supporter of local organizations which focuses specifically on wellness and social health. For instance, Delta airlines has sponsored Cancer Society in America, Carter Center, Breast cancer centers, Network for Children Miracle, St. Jude Children Hospital, Humanity Habitat and much more (Datamonitor, 2010). Delta also is effective in supporting community-based organizations. For instance, the museums that enlighten, inspire, and exhibit people to make them important and enhance the betterment of this world is in partnership with Delta airlines. Other partnership includes Current partnerships include the Tribeca Film Festival, National Black Arts Festival, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Minnesota Orchest ra, High Museum of Art, Fox Theatre, Guthrie, and many more partners (Datamonitor, 2010). The objectives are in consensus with each other and they resonate well with the mission and external environment. For instance, Delta is involved in community activities which fulfill one of its missions.Delta airline is a company that strives to promote a culture that includes all the members in all levels of the operational environment. In addition, the management at the top acknowledges any level of contribution of all the stakeholders.

Media communication - reputation of an organization Essay

Media communication - reputation of an organization - Essay Example Many organizations are now realizing the importance of having a successful public relations specialist. For example, a well managed and informed public relations representative can maximize profits and strengthen a company in a weak economy. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2006, August 4). How can a public relations representative implement their use of mass communications into their program for overall success and positive outlook for a well managed, sustained and informed public relation A public relation practitioner's job is very broad based and competitive. They have to do more than just inform and educate the public about the company or organization that they represent. (Public relations, 2006). They must understand the needs and wants of their target audience so that they can reach their audience through their various forms and strategic usage of marketing, advertising, and promotions. They may work for and represent governments, large organizations and companies, the media, political campaigns, employees, investors, and celebrities, just to name a few. How can a public relation practitioner implement the use of good marketing skills into their public relations program What factors are involved for successful marketing Public relations practitioners use advertising and sales promotions to support their marketing efforts. They must understand who and what their target market audience is so that their message will catch their attention. The target market audience is a particular group of people that will benefit the most from a particular good or service. A company or organization must cater their promotions, marketing, and advertising schemes to this audience by understanding their overall needs and wants. A good public relations practitioner must realize the importance of successful marketing strategies. Their objective is to move their target market along various stages. Each target market audience must complete these stages: unawareness, awareness, belief/knowledge, attitude, acquisition intention and finally to acquisition. Only then can a marketing, advertising, and promotional strategy become effective. (Public Relations, 2006). Advertising and promotions are two key elements used for success in marketing goods or services. These two elements exist in various mediums. What are the various mediums used in advertising, and how does a public relations practitioner use it these to best benefit their company/organization Advertising is a marketing strategy that involves the use of numerous varieties of media forms to grab the consumer's attention to their product or service. Successful advertising should be persuasive and informational enough to influence the target audience's behavior or thoughts about what is being advertised. It can be used to sustain and develop an overall image to the public. Forms of media items that inform the consumer or client about the goods or services generally will work the best. A company or organization's name, slogan, and/or logo are very important to its image, and therefore, any media attention or promotions should be centered upon them. (Humphries, 2003). Certain forms of advertising are becoming more and more expensive, so most of all practitioners aim at free positive publicity through numerous advertising forms such as through

Mcdonalds Corporation Is Listed In The New York Marketing Essay

Mcdonalds Corporation Is Listed In The New York Marketing Essay Introduction: In this coursework, I would like to talk about the famous worldwide brand McDonalds Restaurant. The reason I chose this brand for my marketing strategy and marketing planning coursework is the best known brand worldwide and the powerful marketing strategy applied through all over the world. In this chapter Id like to explain the company profile, aim of this coursework, overview of the coursework. In the chapter 2, Id like to explain the learning outcomes of Strategic marketing. Finally there is a conclusion and recommendation chapter followed by references. Company Profile: McDonalds Corporation is listed in the New York Stock Exchange, USA (NYSE: MCD) is the global company headquartered in Illinois, USA. McD (McDonalds) is the biggest chain of fast food restaurants in the world. McD serves about 60 million people every day. McDonalds sells various flavours of burgers, fries, soft drinks, desserts, chicken products worldwide. McD is founded by Maurice McDonald and Richard in 1940 in California. Ray Kroc is the person who founded the McDonald corporation. Presently, McDonald has 31,200 locations in 120 countries worldwide with the staff force of 1,702,000 in 2009. James skinner is the CEO and Chairman of McDonald. McDonalds revenue in 2009 was US$24.2 billion. Mission and Vision of McDonald: McDonalds mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. McDonalds global operations are structured a common worldwide marketing strategy named plan to win focusing the marketing mix of the organisation which includes the prominent Product, Price, Place, Promotion and People. McD is dedicated to develop their business worldwide and increasing the value of consumers experience in stores. Aim of the Coursework: The aim of this coursework is to explain the marketing strategy and marketing plan of McDonalds. For this aim we should identify the marketing planning process of McDonalds, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Ansoffs product-growth matrix, marketing mix of thee company. These are the objectives of the coursework. Overview of the coursework: In the chapter 1, I would like to introduce about the company profile and the objective of this case study. In the chapter 2, I would like to talk about all the learning outcomes which is covered in the Strategic marketing course. The learning outcome1 is all about understanding how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the organisation (McDonalds). In this chapter I would like to include the marketing planning process, key planning questions of the marketing planning process followed by marketing audit of the company which is macro environment (PEST analysis), task environment and the most important concept of marketing strategy SWOT analysis of McDonald followed by Ansoffs matrix. In the learning outcome 2, I would like to explain about the marketing mix of McDonald. This part explains the construction of the marketing plan which is the second learning outcome of the course. This will be explained by 6Ps of marketing mix which are product, price, place, promotion and people and process. Product life cycle stage is also the vital part when we talk about product in the marketing mix. This will be explained in this part. Also I will include the main four important questions about action programmes followed by controlling the action programme. In the learning outcome 3, most of this part will talk about market planning implementation, four step processes for marketing control, barriers to implementation and finally evaluation and review of the marketing planning. In chapter 3, there will be recommendations and conclusions of this coursework followed by references and reflective diary. Chapter 2: Learning Outcomes Introduction: In this chapter, well see the learning outcomes of this course Strategic Marketing. There are three learning outcomes covered in the coursework. 2.1 Learning Outcome1: Understand how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives: In this learning outcome1, Understand how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the organisation. In this coursework, the researcher took McDonalds as the corporation. The objective of the corporation is to satisfy the customer needs with their products. Customer has to choose McDonalds as the favourite place to eat. For this, the marketing strategy of the company should support to achieve the objective of the company. There are various marketing theories and concepts will be explained here in this chapter. The marketing objective of the organisation, marketing planning process, key marketing planning questions followed by PEST analysis, task environment, SWOT analysis of the organisation and Ansoffs matrix. 2.1.1: Marketing Strategic objectives of McDonalds McDonalds sets crystal clear marketing objectives. It then enhances a marketing strategy that would support to achieve the objective of the organisation. Marketing involves identifying consumer needs and wants, and meeting those needs in an excellent route than other competitors in the market. This directly results to create a loyal customer to the organisation. McDonalds marketing objective is to identify the customer needs and satisfy them with their products by giving excellent customer service throughout the world. Apart from this, McDonalds wants to achieve more market share by opening more stores worldwide. They want to be the market leader in the food industry in the American markets. 2.1.2 Marketing Planning process: Marketing planning process is the vital process in the marketing plan. This process consists of many methods with many stages. Marketing planning should identify the business mission of the company. After finding this business mission we need to identify the marketing audit. This marketing audit consists of two methods called internal audit and external audit. PEST analysis is the external marketing audit whereas task environment and SWOT analysis are the internal level marketing audit. Then it leads to strategic thrust to identify what customers want what kind of products, this is explained by Ansoffs product-growth matrix. Then target market and competitor of the company is illustrated in the core strategy. Diagram of Marketing Planning process: Source: Principles and Practices of Marketing by David Jobber (2001) Key Planning questions of the marketing plan: There are five important questions of the marketing plan needs to be answered in the marketing planning process. They are as follows: Where are we now? This means where McDonald is at present scenario in the world fast food restaurant sector and UK fast food business. Where would we like to be? In terms of McDonald, they want to be the market leader in American fast food restaurant business and they want to expand all over the world How do we get there? For McDonalds, they have the well established core strategy for their business development Are we on course? McDonald has the clear objective with high-calibre management, excellent employees with the competencies. All these factors are leads them to achieve their objective. Marketing Audit: McDonalds has a crystal clear marketing strategy which is to focus on excellent customer service with good quality food at faster service. They have created well established foundation of fast food restaurant service. McDonalds is the market leader in fast food restaurants all over the world. McDonalds has spread all over the world with 32000 locations worldwide. They want to capture more market share and they want to satisfy all their customers with fast service and good quality food at cheaper price better than their competitors. To achieve this core marketing strategy McDonalds should identify their internal and external marketing environment of their business. For external environment audit we need to apply the PEST analysis and for internal environment should apply task environment and SWOT analysis. 2.1.3. Macro Environment: PEST analysis of McDonalds: The following diagram shows that the picture of PEST analysis. PEST analysis is the very phenomenal concept in marketing. This concept is used to identify the external environment of the business. When analyzing the external environment of the business then we can easily eradicate the threats of the external. PEST is an acronym of Political, Economical, Social and Technological. Pest Analysis Source: http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-pest-analysis-image14771406 POLITICAL FACTORS Global operations might be affected due to different policies enforced by governments Human resource policies are different from country to country. This will affect the human resource policies of McDonalds. In India, there are political policies are against for the fast food and beef related food products. ECONOMICAL FACTORS Due to Financial crisis and economic crisis in Europe and American countries there are lot of negative growth in business in terms of revenue and profits. Due to volatile stock markets all over the world, the stock prices of McDonalds are heavily plummeted Due to increase of VAT in UK the sales going to drop down. This affects huge loss in revenue Interest rates, Exchange rates also affects the international operations SOCIAL FACTORS Due to health conscious and huge awareness of obesity, there are big threats for fast food restaurants throughout the world Consumer preferences are changing day by day. Due to this, McD needs to introduce many new products TECHNICAL FACTORS Fast services due to increased technical abilities of new machineries Thanks to information technology growth for the fast customer service. Many competitors also involving the same strategy. Task Environment of McDonalds: In the task environment of McDonalds we should have a look on financial data and McDonalds competitors in the worldwide market. Worldwide McDonalds Ownership The following table shows that the ownership holding by McDonalds worldwide. The total number of stores has been increased from 30497 in 2007 to 32487 in 2009. But this data shows that number of stores owned by McDonalds (direct ownership) has been drastically reduced from 8082 stores in 2004 to 6177 stores 2009. Franchisees list has been increased in the data provided. McDonalds 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Number of McDonalds 30,497 30,767 31,047 31,477 31,977 32,487 Franchisees Owned 22,415 22,592 22,884 24,457 25,485 26,310 Direct owned by Company 8,082 8,175 8,163 7,020 6,492 6,177 % of Direct owned by McDonalds 26.50% 26.57% 26.29% 22.30% 20.30% 19.01% Chart: Number of Stores owned by McDonalds and its Franchisees in the World The following table and chart explains the sales revenue of McDonalds worldwide from 2007 to 2008. All these data shows that the sales have been declined in 2009 all these countries than 2008. Due to the economical and financial crisis in Europe, USA was the predominant reason for this sales decline in this period all over the world. Among these countries Europe sales was heavily affected due to this financial crisis in this period. But when compare to 2007 data, 2009 sales revenue data was slightly increased. Worldwide McDonalds Sales Revenue in $m 2009 (US$ Millions) 2008 (US$ in Millions) 2007 (US$ in Millions) Europe 9280 9930 8930 USA 7944 8080 7900 APMEA 4340 4231 3600 other countries 1200 1295 2365 Total 22764 23536 22795 APMEA: Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) Sales Revenue in 2009 by McDonalds and its competitors: The following table and chart shows that the sales revenue of McDonalds and its competitors in the year 2009. This data shows that McDonalds is the market leader in the fast food restaurant sector with the net sales revenue of US$ 22764 million in 2009 compared to its next competitor YUM restaurants holding only US$ 10840 million. There are huge difference about 100% variance between these two biggest fast food competitors. Company Revenues in US$ in Million McDonalds 22764 YUM 10840 Starbucks 9785 Darden 7300 Burger King 2700 Dominos 1490 Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/McDonalds_(MCD) SWOT analysis of McDonalds SWOT is an acronym of Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This analysis helps to understand the internal and external environment of the organisation. Internally, an organisation can able to reveal its strengths and weaknesses whereas externally they could reveal the opportunities and threats. Hill et al.,(2003) After done this analysis, every organisation should convert their weaknesses to its strengths and match their strengths into the external opportunities. This SWOT analysis is a helpful tool for strategic marketing planning of the organisation. http://hrmadvice.com/assets/images/swotanalysis.jpg SWOT analysis of McDonalds The following table shows that the SWOT analysis of McDonalds. In this table, strengths and weaknesses are internally existed, whereas opportunities and threats are external factors. STRENGTHS International Brand awareness Worldwide market leader in Fast food restaurant sector Strong cash flow financial resources International quality awards Competent skills in their staff force Significant experts in top management WEAKNESSES McDonalds been a 65 years old company. Due to this they should have an innovation in their food products Lack of local country knowledge Since the market leader in the industry, profit might be very less due to tough competition OPPORTUNITIES Entry to international markets with the strong financial resource Excellent brand image worldwide. This creates more business opportunities in international market MA with international competitors Mounting views of customers about fast foods with quick service THREATS Huge competition in the local and international markets Mounting cost of raw material Economic crisis in the world Decreasing power of customer spending Stock prices are plummeted in the stock markets Health conscious about fast foods worldwide 2.2. Learning Outcome2: Understand the construction of a marketing plan In this learning outcome, Understand the construction of a marketing plan explains the detailed marketing mix of the organisation. This concept is predominantly phenomenal for every organisation to meet and satisfy the customer needs. The following concept shows that the marketing mix of McDonalds in worldwide. 2.2.1 Effective Marketing mix of an Organisation: CIM (Chartered Institute of Marketing) defines that the marketing mix is the combination of marketing inputs that affect customer motivation and behaviour. These inputs are 7Ps: Product, price, place and Promotion, people, process and physical evidence. Last two factors are absolutely pertinent to service industries. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWiDk1NJFvreAwx4SvMHDMhfJ7nE4oczjjdGH0FjO6h6TaXCusmCbWgIr2kfT6O0xb-P_KrsIpn8C8ySxEYBjhVoFSZiAEqj2n5LE4PIXJVLGb8oHBsFTwzs03izE0qmyVPh-sHmsFHQM/s1600/Marketing_Mix_Diagram_-_7Ps_L.jpg Source: http://mantra4marketing.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html Marketing mix of McDonalds Marketing mix is the mix of imperative factors to identify the key customers of the organisation. An organisation has to make sure a mix of these factors implied the customers appeals. Product: When we talk about McDonalds, there are hundreds of food products starting from hamburger, cheeseburger, chicken burger, salads, desserts, corns, ice creams, French fries, coffee, tea, etc., these products are favorites for all kinds of customers. Especially when they create this product mix they should keep in mind that these products are attracted the customers and satisfy their needs and requirements with good quality. Product Life Cycle: http://billyfire.com/images/ProductLifeCycle.gif Source: http://billyfire.com/product-life-cycle.php The imperative process of product life cycle is when the product is reached the maturity stage, then company needs to introduce the new product to compete the market. In McDonalds there are many products are in growth and maturity stages. So they need to concentrate on new product development to capture more market share and compete the other competitors in the market. Price: Pricing strategy should be very clear and affordable by all types of customers. They also need to focus on competitors pricing strategy. Since McDonalds been the market leader of this fast food sector they will compromise the pricing strategy by giving low price products with good quality. Due to the financial crisis all over the world, customers are very conscious about spending power, they dont like to spend enormous money on food products. All these factors lead to reducing the cost of the product for the company. Place: Place is the imperative factor in the marketing mix. Without this factor, organisation cannot be the successful in the competitive market. When we come to the place, that should be easily accessible by all kind of customers. There should be lot of parking facilities and also they should have wheel chair access in their restaurants. Location is the phenomenal for success of every business Promotion: Promoting the business leads to winning in the competition. Without doing promotion, the business can get success in the cutthroat competition. For promotion, McD offers various kind of promotional activities like TV ads, online ads, hoardings, sponsorships, sport activities, social based programs, health care sponsorships. Graham et al.,(2001) suggests that They are following above the line and below the line promotional activities. Instore they are promoting their products by offering BOGOF (Buy one Get one Free), reduced prices, combo offers, etc., McDonalds promotional activities are absolutely better than its competitors. People: People are the main part of successful marketing mix for the success of McDonalds. Their main and core strategy is to satisfy the customer needs with their good quality foods at cheaper rate by providing excellent customer service with soft and friendly approach in the store. All employees are well trained in terms of customer queries and customer satisfaction. If theres a need of training for the employees company never compromise to give the tailored training. Process: Process is also very essential for running the organisation very effectively and efficiently. For this, all the equipments, tills, machineries should be updated. The process should be very quick by serving the customer needs. Customers shouldnt wait for a long time to get their preferred menu. Physical evidence: For the service sectors, physical evidence is absolutely required. How convenient and comfortable is how sales growth is. So, convenient and hygienic environment creates more revenue growth for the business. McDonalds always stick with this effective factor. 2.3 Learning Outcome3: Understand how to promote the marketing plan in support of strategic objectives In the learning outcome3, understand how to promote the market plan to support the strategic objectives of the organisation. In this coursework, the core objective of the organisation is to meet customer needs and satisfy them with the McDs product at low cost with effective and efficient customer service in worldwide markets. 2.3.1 Implementing Marketing plans: Implementing marketing plan is not very easy to achieve. There should be proper planning to achieve the implementation process. There are four step process for marketing control and its implementation. The successful implementation of a marketing plan should address the following Who need to be involved? All the top management and all the employees of the organisation need to involve in the implementation process How should the strategy and plans to be implemented? There are core strategy needs to be identified by the top management What activities need to be carried out? Imperative process of customised training need to be deployed in the organisation What time-frames do the activities need to be completed by? Time frame is designed by the organisation with the help of top management. 2.3.2. Four step process for marketing control: Set Goals: What do we want to achieve? In terms of McDonalds they want to achieve the excellent customer service and they want to capture more market share. Measure the project Performance: What is happening? This means is what is going on currently in the market and in the McDonalds. Evaluate the Performance: Why is it happening? What was the main reason for this performance is happened. Is there positive performance, then management should give more rewards to them if not take some corrective actions. Take corrective action: what should we do about it? What are the corrective actions should we take to ensure the process of planning and implementation. Chapter 3: Conclusion and Recommendations 3.1 Conclusion and Recommendations: From this coursework, we come to know that the McDonalds marketing strategy is pertinent to its core objective of the organisation. This present scenario in the world market, there are customers are not preferred to spend more on fast food products. Also, spending power of customers has been reduced. Keeping this factor in mind, McDonald needs to concentrate on promoting their products in the local market by reducing their prices. Apart from this reason, they need to concentrate on culture of the international markets, procedures and policies followed by these countries and McDonalds put aggressive training to its employees to provide absolutely good service with friendly approach. Since they are the market leader in the worldwide food sector, they need to concentrate to capture more market share and profit and sales volume as well.

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Otto Boudet Ms. Ramirez British Literature 1600 4 December 2013 The Mind of Thomas Nashe: An Enigma Thomas Nashe is thought to be one of the world’s first picaresque writers. Although he is a picaresque writer, critics have a hard time characterizing his works due to his incoherent literary structure. Thomas Nashe has been pinned as an enigma of the literary community as his writing often portrays multiple writing styles all at once. â€Å"The Unfortunate Traveller† is the epitome of this. It is categorized as a picaresque novel, but it is a gruesome and violent story. The story is almost a paradox itself. Thomas Nashe, born in 1567, lived in the small town of Lowestroft, Suffolk. Not much is known of his early life, other than that his father was a curate and that he was baptized at his father’s church. He went on to study at the University of St. Johns at Cambridge where he acquired his bachelors degree. Little is known on whether his time at college influenced his works. After his time at college he moved to London, where he was hired by the ecclesiastical authorities to write pamphlets and essays in an attempt to discredit a man know as â€Å"Martin Marprelate† (Kinney Page 1). This alias was used by a man who was writing colloquial speeches regarding the episcopacy of the Anglican Church. Nashe might have not been one of the main contributors to the counterattack against â€Å"Martin Marprelate,† but he was able to extract a sort of writing style from the experience. After his excursion with the Anglican Church, his writing became more spontaneous and unstudied (Donno Page 1). This spontaneous and unstudied style was more prominent in his early works such as â€Å"The Anatomie of Unsertantie" and the preface of Robert Greene’s â€Å"Menapho... ...e Unfortunate Traveller.† What angered the writers the most, was the accuracy of what Thomas Nashe was saying, even if it was in a sarcastic tone. Not only did he anger authors, poets, and pamphleteers, but he also angered the British government. Although his jeers were not directed towards the government, Nashe’s use of the atrocities throughout the country was thoroughly disliked. The government believed that his rendition of the gross actions of England’s people would tarnish its reputation. Thomas Nashe is coined with being one of the world’s first picaresque writers. It is quite ironic how after centuries of debate concerning his eloquent pamphlets and gruesome narratives that he is now categorized under a satirical genre. Although he did incorporate this satire and sarcasm in many of works, it seems unjust to confine him to the one genre.